Section 56, The Companies Act, 2009

Any person having dealings with a company or withsomeone deriving title under the company shall be entitled to make the following presumptions:– (a) that the company’s memorandum have been duly complied with; (b) that every person described in the particulars filed with the Commission pursuant to this Act as a director, managing director or secretary of the company, or represented by the company acting through its members in general meeting, board of directors or managing director, as an officer or agent of the company, has been duly appointed and has authority to exercise the powers and perform the duties customarily exercised or performed by a director, managing director, or secretary of a company carrying on business of the type carried on by the company or customarily exercised or performed by an officer or agent of the type concerned; (c) that the secretary of the company, and every other officer or agent of the company having authority to issue documents or certified copies of documents on behalf of the company has authority to warrant the genuineness of the documents or the accuracy of the copies so issued; (d) that a document has been duly sealed by the company if it bears what purports to be the seal of the company attested by what purports to be the signatures of two persons who, in accordance with paragraph (b) can be assumed to be a director and the secretary of the company, and the company and those deriving title under it shall be estopped from denying the truth of any such assumption but– Abolition of constructive notice of registered documents. Presumption of regularity. 44 45 (a) a person shall not be entitled to make such presumptions if he had actual knowledge to the contrary or if, having regard to his position with, or relationship to, the company, he ought to have known the contrary; (b) a person shall not be entitled to assume that any one or more of the directors of the company have been appointed to act as a committee of the board of directors or that an officer or agent of the company has the company’s authority by reason only that the company’s memorandum or articles provide that authority to act in the matter may be delegated to a committee or to an officer or agent.