Section 17: No concession shall be certified as valid-

( 1) unless made in writing signed by the grantor or some person duly authorised by him; (2) unless the Court is satisfied that the proper persons were parties to the concession, and that it may be reasonably presumed that they understood the nature and terms thereof; (3) if obtained by fraudulent or other improper means; (4) if made without adequate valuable consideration, regard being had to the circumstances existing at the time of the acquisition ofthe concession; ( 5) unless all of the terms and conditions upon which such concession was made which ought to have been performed, have been reasonably and substantially performed; (6) unless the Court is satisfied that the customary rights of natives are reasonably protected in respect of shifting cultivation, pasturage, collection of firewood, and hunting and snaring game; (7} if it grants or purports to grant rights to collect natural roduce other than timber to the exclusion of the native; p (S) if it grants or purports to grant rights to remove tives from their habitations within the area of such na . oncesswn: ; o-vided that nothing herein contained shall affect the Proviso. r Xity of any concession duly certified as valid before the -va 1 ,.,encement of this Ordinance. colil"-' 1s. (1) No enquiry shall b~ held as to the va~dity of ~my Ti~e within ncess ion before the boundaries of the land therem compnsed whw~ . t co enqmry m o h ve been surveyed and demarcated and plans of the same validit:y: of 1adged with the Registrar of the Court, in manner prescribed, ~on~es~ 1 ~~0 nd before the expiration of three months from the filing of the o e e · a h . notice of sue concessiOn. (2) ~y person desir~ng to oppose the grant of a certificate of validity of a concessiOn may apply to the Court for leave to oppose, at any time before the date of the final order for the issue of the certificate; and the Court may in its discretion, after hearing the application, either grant or refuse such leave. (3} The Court may order such persons as it may deem expedient to be served with notice of an application for leave to oppose, and any person so served may appear on the hearing of the application, and be heard thereon.